1. Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with modern views of software quality?

A. Usability B. Maintainability C. Cryptic naming D. Reusability

2. What is the main advantage of automated testing over manual testing?

A. It requires no planning B. It executes tests faster, especially on repeated runs C. It never misses defects D. It does not need a test strategy

3. In a DFD, what do arrows represent?

A. The sequence of events occurring in the system B. Data flowing between processes and entities C. Decisions made within the system D. The control flow of the program

4. Which phase involves transforming design specifications into source code?

A. Requirements analysis B. Coding C. Testing D. Design

5. What is one reason to avoid global variables where possible?

A. They make programs easier to maintain B. They reduce code clarity and increase dependencies C. They improve modularity D. They reduce testing effort

6. What is the process of transforming system design into a computer language format called?

A. Coding B. Testing C. Debugging D. Documentation

7. Why is a functionally correct system with a poor user interface not considered a quality product?

A. It is difficult to maintain B. It is not portable C. It does not meet the users’ actual usability needs D. It runs too slowly

8. What is the main advantage of automated testing compared to manual testing?

A. It requires less programming knowledge B. It executes faster, especially when re-running tests C. It does not require any test data D. It eliminates the need for test planning

9. What is the purpose of a Data Flow Diagram?

A. To show sequence of events B. To show the scope and boundaries of a system and data flows C. To represent decision points in a program D. To depict user screens

10. What is the role of a prototype during requirements analysis?

A. To serve as the final system B. To act as a partial or early version to understand customer needs C. To replace formal requirements documents D. To finalize the test strategy

11. What is a key benefit of using user-defined data types like enum, class, or structure in code?

A. They slow program execution B. They make the code easier to write and understand C. They increase module size unnecessarily D. They reduce maintainability

12. Why is software quality said to depend on "fitness of purpose"?

A. Because it must meet performance benchmarks B. Because it must be free of all defects C. Because it must do exactly what users want it to do D. Because it should have a complex user interface

13. Manual testing primarily involves:

A. Running code and comparing actual results with expected results manually B. Writing automated scripts C. Designing test environment only D. Skipping test execution

14. What is the main objective of a Data Flow Diagram (DFD)?

A. To show the detailed order of events in a system B. To represent how control flows between modules C. To visualize the scope and boundaries of the system’s information flows D. To replace all documentation of the system

15. What does coupling measure in software design?

A. The degree to which elements of a module belong together B. The strength of relationships and dependencies between modules C. The number of defects in the system D. The complexity of user interface design

16. What is the role of information hiding in programming style?

A. To expose all internal details publicly B. To secure information inside data structures from unauthorized access C. To make variables globally accessible D. To increase use of global variables

17. What does error return conventions and exception handling help achieve?

A. Ignore errors silently B. Ensure graceful and predictable error handling C. Make programs run faster without errors D. Eliminate the need for testing

18. What aspect of software design focuses on data movement and system functionality visualization?

A. Object Oriented Design B. Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) C. User Interface Design D. Coding

19. When designing a test suite, what is critical to consider?

A. Test cases should be unrelated to requirements B. Test suite must align with specified requirements C. Test suite should be designed without input from requirements D. Test cases should all be manual tests

20. What does 100% requirements coverage mean in the test closure phase?

A. All code is commented B. All planned tests have been executed and all requirements verified C. Only critical defects are fixed D. Only automated testing is used

21. What is a fundamental purpose of test strategy and test plan?

A. To plan how tests will be executed, select tools, and manage risks B. To code the software C. To design the user interface D. To provide inline comments in code

22. Which activity follows test execution in the software testing process?

A. Requirements gathering B. Test closure C. Coding D. Design review

23. Which of the following is NOT a part of the test execution phase?

A. Running tests at various development stages B. Automated script execution C. Requirement gathering D. Manual test execution

24. What is one way prototyping benefits the requirements analysis phase?

A. It eliminates the need for documentation B. Provides a tangible artifact to validate user expectations C. Ensures all requirements are correct the first time D. Replaces the data flow diagrams

25. Which is NOT a level in Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)?

A. Context Diagram (0-level) B. 1-level DFD C. 5-level DFD D. 2-level DFD

26. What does cohesion describe?

A. The degree that elements of a module belong together B. The number of modules in a system C. The performance of the system D. The number of global variables used

27. What is usually done during the "test closure" phase of software testing?

A. Designing the initial test cases B. Executing tests on the developed software C. Fixing all non-critical defects without retesting D. Ensuring 100% requirement coverage and fixing all critical defects

28. In a 0-level DFD, what does a single bubble represent?

A. The details of all sub-processes B. The entire system or fundamental process C. Multiple unrelated systems D. The user interface design

29. What is a recommended practice regarding module size in programming style?

A. Modules should be excessively large B. Modules should be excessively small C. Module size should be uniform and functionally cohesive D. Module size is unimportant as long as code runs

30. Why should the length of any function be limited according to coding guidelines?

A. To increase the size of the codebase B. To make debugging impossible C. To keep the code manageable and easier to understand D. To force programmers to write more comments

31. Which activity is primarily involved in the test design phase of software testing?

A. Applying tests at various development stages B. Documenting the test plan and scheduling tests C. Designing a suite of test cases aligned with requirements D. Closing tests after 100% requirement coverage

32. Why is single entry and single exit desirable in programming constructs?

A. It makes the program slower B. It aids understandability and debugging C. It increases module size D. It encourages deep nesting

33. What is one key benefit of creating a prototype during requirements analysis?

A. It immediately finalizes the system requirements B. It helps discover incorrect, inconsistent, or missing requirements C. It eliminates the need for data flow diagrams D. It allows skipping the testing phase

34. During requirements analysis, what helps identify inconsistencies and ambiguities?

A. Ignoring user feedback B. Graphical representations like DFDs and State-transition diagrams C. Writing more code D. Avoiding prototypes

35. What should be included as part of a coding standards guideline?

A. Encouraging variable names as short as possible B. Omitting comments to speed up coding C. Proper and consistent indentation and naming conventions D. Avoiding error handling to simplify code

36. What is an important characteristic of a good Software Requirement Specification (SRS)?

A. The requirements are ambiguous B. The requirements are clear, consistent, and unambiguous C. It contains only high-level goals without details D. It ignores dependencies and risks

37. Why should logical decisions be suppressed in a DFD?

A. DFDs represent ordering of events B. Diamonds are not allowed in any diagrams C. Decisions imply event ordering, which conflicts with DFD’s data flow focus D. Logical decisions improve clarity in DFDs

38. What is the primary purpose of software quality?

A. To have the most features possible B. To ensure portability only C. To be fit for the intended purpose and meet user needs D. To have a complex user interface

39. What does programming style primarily aim to provide?

A. Compressed, hard-to-read code B. Understandable, straightforward, and elegant code C. Code that only compiles but is not clear D. Code with inconsistent indentation

40. What is a recommended guideline for programming style to improve code clarity?

A. Using cryptic naming styles to save space B. Hiding information in data structures from the rest of the system C. Encouraging deep nesting of loops to organize complex logic D. Making modules excessively large to reduce function calls

41. What is a characteristic of good naming style in programming?

A. Cryptic and non-representative B. Ambiguous and vague C. Clear and representative of the data or function D. Long and complex

42. What is one of the coding standards for good software development?

A. Avoid comments B. Use inconsistent spacing C. Proper and consistent indentation D. Use global variables extensively

43. Why is a mixture of manual and automated testing often used?

A. Because one method alone is sufficient B. To leverage benefits of both speed and human judgment C. Automated testing is always unreliable D. Manual testing is always faster

44. Which of the following is NOT considered an aspect of modern software quality?

A. Portability B. Usability C. Compatibility with obsolete hardware D. Maintainability

45. Why should logical decisions (such as diamond-shaped boxes) be avoided in DFDs?

A. Because they make the diagram look complex B. Because DFDs do not represent order of events or decision points C. Because decision points are not important in requirements analysis D. Because they slow down the drawing process

46. When is information hiding considered beneficial in programming?

A. When it helps in securing data stored in structures B. When it makes the code cryptic and unreadable C. When it allows all parts of a system to access all data indiscriminately D. When it generates more overhead in the program

47. Which is a typical element of coding standards?

A. Avoid error return conventions B. Naming conventions for variables and functions C. Random and inconsistent use of indentation D. No inline comments allowed

48. Why should deep nesting be avoided in programming?

A. Encourages use of a single exit for functions B. Increases program simplicity and maintainability C. Makes code more difficult to understand and debug D. Helps limit module size

49. Which is true about a 1-level DFD compared to a 0-level DFD?

A. It is less detailed than 0-level B. It decomposes the high-level process into sub-processes highlighting major objectives C. It contains only one bubble representing the entire system D. It focuses on hardware architecture

50. Why should deep nesting of loops and conditions be avoided?

A. It improves static behavior B. It greatly harms static and dynamic behavior of a program C. It makes modules uniform in size D. It encourages use of global variables