1. When people obey because the leader can punish them for disobedience, this is:

A. Reward power B. Coercive power C. Expert power D. Legitimate power

2. The right to rule based on inheritance and customs is called:

A. Charismatic authority B. Legal-rational authority C. Traditional authority D. Reward authority

3. Referent power arises because:

A. Followers believe the leader has certain skills and knowledge B. Followers are obligated to obey by law C. Followers like and respect the leader and want to emulate them D. The leader can offer rewards

4. Which form of authority derives its legitimacy from legal frameworks like laws and regulations?

A. Charismatic authority B. Traditional authority C. Legal-rational authority D. Expert authority

5. Which of the following is true about coercive power?

A. It relies on the leader’s skills and knowledge B. It involves physical force or threat of sanctions for non-compliance C. It depends on followers’ respect and admiration D. It is based on rewards and incentives

6. What form of power is associated with specialized knowledge or skills?

A. Coercive power B. Reward power C. Expert power D. Legitimate power

7. What defines power according to the text?

A. The ability to persuade others through discussion B. The process of affecting the policies of others with the possibility of sanctions for non-conformity C. The possession of physical strength D. The right to inherit a position without question

8. How is authority different from power?

A. Power requires legitimacy, authority does not B. Authority includes the right to command obedience, power can be coercive C. Power is always positive, authority is sometimes negative D. Authority is informal, power is formal

9. How does referent power operate?

A. Through the leader’s ability to punish B. Through followers obeying because they respect or want to emulate the leader C. Through established laws and rules D. Through specialized expertise

10. What does legitimacy in government primarily depend on?

A. The government’s ability to coerce citizens B. The perception that the government’s rules and decisions are rightful and should be obeyed C. The presence of charismatic leaders D. The wealth of the ruling elite

11. Legitimacy in governance refers to:

A. The physical power the ruler holds B. Acceptance by people of an individual or group’s right to rule C. The ability to enforce laws through military power D. The wealth of the ruling elite

12. Which of the following statements about influence is true?

A. Influence always involves the use of physical force B. Influence is only effective when it comes from a government official C. Influence involves affecting the actions of others without necessarily using sanctions D. Influence is solely based on legal authority

13. A leader who gains obedience because followers admire their personality and character exercises:

A. Legal-rational authority B. Traditional authority C. Charismatic authority D. Coercive power

14. The difference between influence and power is that influence:

A. Always involves physical force B. Exerts effect without necessarily using sanctions C. Is backed by legal authority D. Requires a traditional role

15. A leader who rules because their family has always been in authority is exercising:

A. Charismatic authority B. Legal-rational authority C. Traditional authority D. Coercive power

16. Legitimate power is characterized by:

A. Physical force B. The right to influence based on position and obligation of obedience C. The leader’s extraordinary abilities D. Threats of punishment

17. If followers comply because they believe the leader’s commands are rightful due to the leader’s office, this is an example of:

A. Coercive power B. Legitimate power C. Referent power D. Expert power

18. Which of the following best describes coercive power?

A. The ability to give rewards to followers B. The use of physical force or threat of sanctions to ensure compliance C. Influence based on expert knowledge D. Obedience due to personal admiration

19. The compliance gained through the threat of sanctions is best labeled:

A. Reliable influence B. Coercive influence C. Implicit influence D. Charismatic influence

20. What distinguishes legitimate power from coercive power?

A. Legitimate power is based on accepted right to rule; coercive power is based on threat of sanctions B. Legitimate power is always stronger C. Coercive power requires law; legitimate power does not D. There is no difference

21. Which power relies most heavily on followers’ perceptions of a leader’s charisma and personality?

A. Reward power B. Coercive power C. Referent power D. Legal power

22. A leader who controls resources to provide benefits exercises:

A. Coercive power B. Reward power C. Referent power D. Expert power

23. According to Max Weber, traditional authority is based on:

A. Legal rules and written constitutions B. Extraordinary personal qualities C. Inherited positions supported by customs and norms D. Economic resources

24. Legitimate authority is often accepted because:

A. It is backed by violent force B. It is based on cultural traditions or legal frameworks C. It uses rewards to gain obedience D. It is anonymous and hidden

25. Influence as a concept is best described as:

A. Using physical force on others B. A relationship where desires of one actor affect another’s actions C. Negotiating legal contracts D. Imposing sanctions effectively

26. Which of the following is an example of implicit influence?

A. Formal contract enforcement B. A governor changing behavior expecting re-election support C. Public protests demanding salary increases D. Issuing official orders with penalties

27. How does “referent power” primarily influence followers?

A. Through fear of sanctions B. Through respect and desire to emulate the leader C. Through legal mandates D. Through control of financial resources

28. Which type of influence is most likely to be hidden and indirect?

A. Manifest influence B. Explicit influence C. Implicit influence D. Coercive influence

29. Which form of influence implies a threat or expectation of sanctions?

A. Manifest influence B. Implicit influence C. Coercive influence D. Reliable influence

30. Expert power is derived from:

A. The perceived monopoly over knowledge or skills B. The leader’s formal authority C. The ability to punish followers D. Traditional customs and beliefs

31. Charismatic authority is derived from:

A. Rules and established procedures B. The leader’s extraordinary abilities and personality C. Inherited roles D. Legal mandates

32. How does expert power differ from other forms of power?

A. It relies on physical sanctions to enforce compliance B. It derives from the perception that the power holder has special knowledge or skills C. It is based on tradition and inherited positions D. It depends on the charismatic qualities of the leader

33. Reward power is based on:

A. The leader’s inherited position B. The availability of resources to grant benefits to followers C. The leader’s unique personal traits D. The legal authority bestowed on the leader

34. The belief in the correctness of the right to rule is essential for:

A. Power B. Legitimacy C. Coercion D. Punishment

35. Legal-rational authority is based on:

A. The belief in the leader’s unique gifts B. Customary acceptance of inherited rule C. Established laws, rules, and agreed procedures D. Rewards and benefits offered by the leader

36. What does “legal-rational authority” emphasize?

A. Personal traits of the leader B. Custom and tradition C. Established rules and agreed procedures D. Rewards and sanctions

37. Implicit influence is when:

A. The actor’s behavior is openly expressed and noticed B. The behavior is not directly expressed but still effective C. Sanctions are explicitly threatened D. Rules are enforced strictly

38. Which type of authority is based on laws, rules, and agreed-upon procedures?

A. Traditional authority B. Charismatic authority C. Legal-rational authority D. Referent authority

39. Max Weber’s classification of authority includes:

A. Reward, coercive, and legitimate authority B. Traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational authority C. Expert, referent, and reward authority D. Power, influence, and legislation

40. What distinguishes legitimate power from other types of power?

A. It relies on physical coercion B. It is based on the leader’s personal charisma C. It is the right to influence because of a recognized position, and people have an obligation to obey D. It depends on the promise of rewards

41. The Nigerian Labour Congress influencing government policy through strike is an example of:

A. Coercive power B. Influence C. Legitimate power D. Reward power

42. The acceptance of authority based on personal qualities and gifts is called:

A. Traditional authority B. Charismatic authority C. Legal-rational authority D. Coercive authority

43. Reliable influence is best described as:

A. Influence that comes with a high level of compliance without threats B. Influence backed by legal sanctions C. Influence using physical force D. Influence based on charisma

44. Manifest influence is characterized by:

A. Hidden or implicit behavior changes B. Behavior that is clear and noticeable to others C. Influence based solely on coercion D. Lack of compliance

45. When a state governor’s conduct is guided by concern for re-election, this illustrates:

A. Reward power B. The implicit influence of voters C. Coercive power D. Traditional authority

46. What is charisma in the context of authority?

A. An inherited right to rule based on tradition B. The possession of extraordinary qualities that inspire obedience C. Authority granted through legal procedures D. Power based on the ability to reward others

47. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of legitimate government?

A. Rules and decisions are respected and obeyed B. The government’s role is accepted as rightful by the people C. Use of physical force without acceptance D. Citizens believe in the rightness of the individual to rule

48. What primarily defines power in a social context?

A. The ability to negotiate mutually beneficial agreements B. The possibility of imposing one’s will on others’ behavior C. The use of moral persuasion without consequences D. The sharing of resources among equals

49. What is implicit influence?

A. Open and direct demands from one actor to another B. The use of physical sanctions C. Influence where the actor’s behavior is not directly expressed or obvious D. Influence based on formal authority

50. The use of sanctions, coercion, and physical force mainly describes:

A. Influence without power B. Power C. Legitimate authority D. Expert power