1. Components such as NAD+, FAD, and CoA are all:
2. Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleotides?
3. Which phosphate group arrangements can nucleotides have?
4. Which statement about nucleases is true?
5. Why is RNA, but not DNA, susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis?
6. What term describes DNA devoid of purine bases after acid treatment?
7. Which enzymes specifically hydrolyze only the terminal nucleotide at either the 5’ or 3’ end of nucleic acids?
8. Pyrimidine nucleosides have names ending in:
9. What type of bond connects a nitrogenous base to a sugar in a nucleoside?
10. Which of the following biological functions is NOT primarily associated with nucleotides?
11. In pyrimidine nucleosides, the base bonds to the sugar at which atom?
12. Which class of nucleases hydrolyzes internal phosphodiester bonds within a nucleic acid strand?
13. Adenosine monophosphate can best be classified as a:
14. Which nucleotide component serves as an activated intermediate in biosynthesis?
15. Which nucleic acid is resistant to alkaline hydrolysis?
16. In a nucleoside, purine bases attach to the sugar at which sugar carbon and nitrogen atom?
17. Treatment of DNA with mild acid (1mM HCl) causes hydrolysis primarily of:
18. Which of the following nucleotides acts as a second messenger?
19. What type of enzyme cleaves phosphodiester bonds within a nucleic acid strand?
20. What is the primary role of nucleotides in biological systems aside from forming nucleic acids?
21. The susceptibility of RNA to alkaline hydrolysis is due to the presence of:
22. Which sugar is present in RNA nucleotides, making RNA susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis?
23. When DNA is treated with dilute acid, what specific chemical change predominantly occurs?
24. Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?
25. Which atoms in purines form the N-glycosidic bond with the sugar in nucleosides?
26. The term nucleoside refers to:
27. Purine nucleosides always end with the suffix:
28. What type of bond links the sugar and base in nucleosides?
29. Which of the following sugars is found in RNA but not in DNA?
30. RNA hydrolysis in alkaline conditions occurs because:
31. Phosphates in nucleotides can be present as:
32. The difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides includes:
33. The phosphodiester bond forms a linkage between:
34. Enzymes that hydrolyze RNA specifically are called:
35. The biological importance of nucleoside triphosphates like ATP and GTP is mainly due to their role as:
36. Nucleotides linked together form:
37. Phosphate groups in nucleotides can be attached to which carbon atoms of the sugar?
38. What type of chemical bond connects phosphate groups in nucleotides?
39. Enzymes that remove nucleotides from the ends of nucleic acid chains are called:
40. cGMP and cAMP are examples of nucleotides functioning as:
41. What determines whether a sugar is ribose or deoxyribose?
42. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the bases found in DNA and RNA nucleotides?
43. Which acid concentration is often used to hydrolyze nucleic acids to their bases?
44. What suffix is typically used for purine nucleosides and pyrimidine nucleosides, respectively?
45. Which nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids?
46. The loss of purine bases from DNA produces:
47. Which of the following nucleotides is a triphosphate?
48. Exonucleases hydrolyze nucleotides from:
49. What is the main difference between deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides?
50. Which enzyme class hydrolyzes DNA but not RNA?