1. Which neurotransmitters are amino acids precursors for?
2. Decarboxylation of amino acids produces:
3. Which amino acid is a non-α amino acid component of vitamin pantothenic acid and coenzyme A?
4. Methionine and cysteine contribute primarily to the health of:
5. How is asparagine formed from aspartic acid?
6. Which amino acid is a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin?
7. Antibodies involved in immune function are made from:
8. Which reaction involves the production of glutamate by transferring amino groups from most amino acids?
9. Which ionic forms does an amino acid exist in during titration at different pH values?
10. What is the primary biological role of amino acids?
11. Which reaction results in the formation of biologically important amines like histamine and GABA from amino acids?
12. Why are amino acids considered ampholytes?
13. Which enzyme catalyzes oxidative deamination of glutamate?
14. Glucogenic amino acids are involved in:
15. During fasting or intense exercise, amino acids can serve as:
16. How do amino acids help in pH regulation within the body?
17. Which amino acid is directly involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin for mood regulation?
18. Which amino acids act as intermediates in the biosynthesis of urea?
19. Which amino acid tastes bitter?
20. What color is typically formed when most α-amino acids react with ninhydrin during identification?
21. What optical property distinguishes all amino acids except glycine?
22. Which physical property is common to most amino acids?
23. The cyanide-nitroprusside test is used to detect:
24. At its isoelectric pH (pI), an amino acid:
25. Taurine, a non-α amino acid, is mainly associated with:
26. How is the isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid defined?
27. What important bond in proteins is primarily formed due to amino acids’ carboxyl and amino groups?
28. What role do amino acids such as lysine play besides protein synthesis?
29. What syndrome is associated with intolerance to monosodium glutamate (MSG)?
30. Amino acids behave as bases because they contain which functional group?
31. The titration curve of leucine shows it exists predominantly in what form at low pH?
32. Histamine is formed by decarboxylation of which amino acid?
33. Which amino acid is commonly involved as the amino group receiver in transamination?
34. What reaction involves the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate?
35. β-Alanine plays an important role as a component of which vitamin and coenzyme?
36. Oxidative deamination of glutamate produces:
37. Which test is used to detect tyrosine in proteins?
38. The pI (isoelectric point) of an amino acid is calculated as:
39. What is transamination?
40. Lysine plays an important role in:
41. Amino acids are crucial for producing which types of hormones?
42. Amino acids form salts with:
43. What determines the chemical nature and characteristics of an amino acid?
44. Which of the following amino acids serves as an intermediate in the urea biosynthesis cycle?
45. What colors do proline and hydroxyproline produce with ninhydrin?
46. The ninhydrin reaction with most α-amino acids produces a:
47. Amino acids are termed ampholytes because they:
48. The term “zwitterion” refers to a molecule:
49. Pauly’s test identifies the presence of which amino acid?
50. δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an intermediate in the synthesis of: